The Role Of Gender Roles From A Young Age And Plath s Daddy

females being condemned to a life of dissatisfaction and depression. It is crucial to understand the significance of gender roles from a young age and Plath’s ‘Daddy’ â€Å"fits perfectly into the Freudian concept of the Electra complex† . This is evident in the repetitive structure of the words, short and structured lines and the continuous use of the rhyme (/u/) throughout the poem which forms an almost bleak nursery-rhyme. The speaker s obsession with her father is revealed by the imago , an individual’s fixation on the childhood image of their father with various dark and heavy adjectives such as â€Å"black†, â€Å"marble-heavy†, and â€Å"grey† symbolising the unresolved anxiety within an abandoned child. The speaker remains in the fearful state of†¦show more content†¦The determiner â€Å"every† suggesting women naturally succumb to becoming ‘male-identified’ as radical feminists believe women â€Å"have been conditioned to identify with the male aggressor, to be aroused by male dominance.† Females are â€Å"conditioned† to conform to males through the patriarchal family, this is clear as Plath â€Å"makes a model† of her father through her husband, Ted Hughes, as she needed a substitute male figure. Hughes acknowledged this in his poem ‘The Shot’ , Your real target stood behind me/ Your Daddy†, arguing that Plath projected her unresolved issues onto him, when the â€Å"real target† for her depression was her father. This exemplifies the belief that women â€Å"have been conditioned to identify with the male†. The poem has a form of sixteen stanzas with five lines in each, reflecting her built up emotions over the decades as free verse such as in ‘Ariel’ would make her appear vulnerable. The concluding line â€Å"Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through† condemns her father’s tyrannical nature through the repetition of Daddy, and addition of bastard to make this denunciation final. The tone articulated in the final line is that of a liberated woman, perhaps why Plath is seen as a feminist figure by many. Thus, ‘Daddy’ depicts how identity is formed for the archetypal feminine figure through emancipation from the authoritarian father figure. Similarly, the excessive reliance on paternal figures is evident through Clarissa in ‘Enduring Love’ whose father passed

Night Study Questions - 2598 Words

English II: Night Study Questions 1. Dehumanization is the process by which the Nazis gradually reduced the Jews to little more than things which were a nuisance to them. Discuss at least three specific examples of events that occurred which dehumanized Eliezer, his father, or his fellow Jews. Dehumanization played a significant role throughout Elie Wiesels Night. In many historic references to the Holocaust the killing of the Jews were described as methodical and systematical(The Jewish Outreach Institute), though this is true, these heinous crimes were made even worse by the dehumanizing and appalling treatment and conditions that the Jews were put through. Here are some examples: The people of Sighet faced†¦show more content†¦Another reason the townspeople might not have moved was because they did not believe that Hitlers German regime could annihilate the whole Jewish population that is spread throughout so many nations. The townspeople of Sighet also could not comprehend how the Germans would extermina te them and with what means. They thought, This is the twentieth century, not the Middle Ages. Since the war seemed so far away the Jews of Sighet remained optimistic despite Moishe the Beadles warnings. To many of them, including Eliezers father, it was not worth liquidating their lives in Sighet to move to another country over the possibility of what Hitler promised. Even as the German army came closer and closer the townspeople did not believe the Germans would come that far for strategic and political reasons. 4. Discuss why Eliezer lied to Stein, his relative, about Stein’s family. Discuss whether or not you think he was morally right. When Stein, a forgotten relative, approached Eliezer and his father on their eight day of living in the concentration camp, Auschwitz, he wanted information on his wife and two kids whom Eliezers mother had corresponded with in the past. 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If patients are not able to get enough sleep at night, it can delay healing and increase the length of stay in hospitals (Egydio, Tomimori, Tufik, Andersen, 2011). After researching current evidence on how to improve sleep in hospitals, an intervention involving sleep protocols was created from theRead MoreChildren s Effect On Children1183 Words   |  5 PagesWhen children are waking up in the middle of the night, it can be detrimental on parents. According to Roberts et al, in western societies, infants who cry persistently or wake at night are common concerns for parents and can lead a parent to smother, hit, or shake an infant, sometimes resulting in infant brain damage or death. Children wake up for many different reasons. For example: hunger (breast-feeding), colic, diaper change, physical illness, sleep temper tantrums or parent’s attention. â€Å"AtRead MoreInsomnia With Short Sleep Duration And Mortality Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore the study into and the results of a study into any possible connection between insomnia with short sleep duration and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to bring forth a better unde rstanding of why this study was implemented and the benefits, if any, of the results stemming from the study. We will focus on the study itself and of its participants. We will also be providing thoughts on the study s conclusions and of any ramifications that may arise moving forward, that this study providesRead MoreHow Sleep Affects The Brain1309 Words   |  6 Pagespressing demands at school, work, and home. Without all of these factors considered, the data collected would be biased toward one group of adolescents and their particular lifestyle, whether it is academic, work, or social based. Summary Fuligni’s study on â€Å"Daily Variation in Adolescents’ Sleep, Activities, and Psychological Well-Being† (2006), patterns appeared that drew firm conclusions between the student’s habits of sleep and their mental health. The samples of student’s, between the ages of fourteenRead MoreCorrelation Between Average Sleep Hours And Cumulative Gpa On College Students1105 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of the research is finding out the relationship between average sleeps hours and cumulative GPA on college students. And the hypothesis of this research is that there is a positive correlation between the average sleep per night and cumulative college GPA. There were 42 undergraduate students took the survey about sleep hours, sleep quality, and cumulative GPA. Pearson’s correlation test was conducted in the research. As the result, there was no significant relationship between collegeRead MoreB120 Tma 1960 Words   |  4 Pageswhich has underlying causes such as low pay,( lack of training for junior staff and Night Managers.( I believe that the pay and training issues illustrate an underlying lack of respect for junior staff which gives them little incentive to follow rules or procedure. Additionally the lack of formal training and status for Night Managers exacerbates this as junior staff seems to have little respect for the Night Manager’s authority. This plus aggressive tactics used to address the wastage problem

Techno Innovation International Competition -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Techno Innovation International Competition? Answer: Introduction The report provides an overview about the comparison between Australia and Nepal relative to technological innovation. The new wave of progress in technology dramatically accelerated growth rate of the respective economies. Technological innovation also increased the national income and standard of living in the nation over the long run (Carlsson 2012). The industrial firms of these two nations combined labor with new capital equipment, which in turn reorganized the process of production and hence maximized total output. Comparison between Australia and Nepal in relation to technological Innovation Australia is basically known for adoption of new psychology at faster rate as compared to other nations in the globe. Technological innovation in this country has led to several vital outcomes that includes- It has enhanced huge opportunities for the existing business of this country in terms of organizational infrastructure (Kogan et al. 2017) It helped the firms to improve their product and services quality It has also enhanced their total productivity This nation has always been the importer of the international technologies. This means that innovation of technologies usually considers the form of integration of systems combining with these imported technologies. New data processing technologies also divided cognitive jobs down into smaller task. It also changed the old jobs and created new jobs in this nation. From the recent company level data of this nation, it has been seen that the existing business in Australia that innovated more than double reported enhanced productivity (Crespi and Zuniga 2012). In addition, 63% more has been reported increase in profitability level, which in turn improved their financial performance. The government of Australia also plays vital role in motivating technological innovation in business through setting proper structural conditions as well as through higher assistance measures. They even provide direct incentives for building technological innovation and improving the business performance. Nepal being an underdeveloped nation has been plagued with several problems that include- poverty, unemployment and illiteracy. This nation has been the late entrant into the world of technological innovation. In addition, adoption of new policies by the Nepal government also motivated technological innovation in the nation. Implementation of artificial intelligence also helped the businesses of this nation to improve their quality as well as efficiency in operations. Furthermore, it also provided new market opportunities to the business and helped them in gaining competitive advantage (Graetz Doud 2013). Apart from this, adoption of accounting software in business also increased the efficiency of the accountants and reduced their workload. However, this new technology also helped the business in providing feedback about their financial health in the present year. But still this nation needs to focus more on technological innovation in order to help their business expand globally an d enhance economic growth. Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded that although technological innovation improves the business productivity and performance, there is a probability of job loss over the next few decades. This in turn might lead to increase in rate of unemployment and decrease in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate of the nation. References Carlsson, B. ed., 2012.Technological systems and economic performance: the case of factory automation(Vol. 5). Springer Science Business Media. Crespi, G. and Zuniga, P., 2012. Innovation and productivity: evidence from six Latin American countries.World development,40(2), pp.273-290. Graetz, M. J., Doud, R. (2013). Technological innovation, international competition, and the challenges of international income taxation.Columbia Law Review, 347-445. Kogan, L., Papanikolaou, D., Seru, A. and Stoffman, N., 2017. Technological innovation, resource allocation, and growth.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,132(2), pp.665-712.

Soldiers Home Essays - Literature, American Literature, Fiction

Soldier's Home As you already know, war and its affects are major themes in Hemingway's writings. In the introduction I mentioned that Hemingway was wounded in battle. When he returned home, he could not adjust to situations in the United States. In a sense, he was alone and frightened by new surroundings. In the short story Soldier's Home, we see a slight comparison to the feelings of Hemingway returning home from war. (Hemingway coming home from Italy) The story Soldier's Home is about a man named Krebs, the protagonist, who returns home from battle in Germany. But his return was not greeted; he came home much too late. Hemingway sets the tone of the story by suggesting that the town thought, it was rather ridiculous for Krebs to be getting back so late, years after the war was over. Here Hemingway starts to develop the overall tone of the story; desolation, driven by the traumas of war. Krebs wants some sort of attention, but the town responds by paying no attention. This is shown when Hemingway writes about Krebs wanting to talk about the war?Later he felt the need to talk but no one wanted to hear about it. His town had heard too many atrocity stories to be thrilled by actualities. As the story continues, Hemingway takes a turn and tries to relate Krebs with women. Krebs sits on the porch of his family's house and watches girls walk by. But, even though he wants a girl, he can't approach one. Hemingway describes that Krebs does not want to get into the intrigue and the politics of getting a girl. I think Hemingway shows that Krebs is suffering from post-war affects when he writes, He did not want any consequences. He did not want any consequences ever again. He wanted to live along without consequences. Besides he did not really need a girl. After experiencing the consequences of war, Krebs needs simple and comfortable situations to rest his mind, not complications. Hemingway goes on to explain how Krebs prefers French and German girls, rather than American. This could describe how Krebs is familiar with the life of war and not knowing how to cope with this unfamiliar life of peace, again. (Ruins in Germany) Hemingway ends the story in a very powerful way. Krebs' mother talks to him about getting his life started again; getting a job, etc. She exclaims, God has some work for everyone to do, there can be no idle hands in His Kingdom. She continues on by giving him a lecture. Then, she asks him to pray with her, but Krebs says that he can not. I believe this is an example of Krebs giving up on God. The horrors and traumas of war drove him to disbelief. I believe Hemingway wants the reader to feel for Krebs. The expectations I had while reading were not satisfied. Krebs stayed distant from his family and offered no signs of help. I was hoping that there would be a moment of realization. A moment where Krebs thought he needed help from outside factors other than himself. But, there was no such moment. Hemingway does this purposely to show the reader that there are no easy ways to end these strong feelings of desolation. I think Hemingway uses the Iceberg Theory again by making the reader discern what is important about Krebs and why he is so distant from others. Hemingway does a great job in showing an affect of war not widely thought about. The short story Soldier's Home, portrays a lost man within a familiar home town. English Essays

I Make My Own Rules Essays - African-American Culture, Free Essays

I Make My Own Rules Essays - African-American Culture, Free Essays "I Make My Own Rules" LL Cool J's autobiography "I Make My Own Rules" is a very well written book. I liked the way he got into detail about his childhood. He had a very interesting childhood. The way he explains the good and the bad of his hip-hop life is also interesting. It is also very interesting how he tells how he went from a bad sinful child to a nice spiritual man. The way LL tells about his childhood is interesting. The way he tells about it is not that interesting, yet his childhood is very interesting. For instance in the story he tells about as a child how he tried to run away from his father Roscoe (his abusive step father), and got a very bad beating, He goes into detail about how Roscoe would beat him and neglect him. He also tells about how when he was older how Roscoes' abusive behavior rubbed off on him. He would beat kids up for no reason, just like Roscoe. The way he tells about this is scary and sad. I loved these parts of the story because they open your eyes to child abuse and show you that it does exist. The way he explains his hip-hop life is very interesting/funny. For example he tells about how his accountants would take money from him by telling him to take a cheaper deal and then charging him for a more expensive deal and pocketing the difference. Since he didn't finish his education he didn't know what to do therefore he just went along with what was going on. In the long run he looked back and figured out he lost more than 20,000 dollars. He also explains going on tour and some of the stuff they would do. "Sometimes my friends would put itching powder in my bed and look at scratching and bust up laughing (pg.140)" said LL. He said that on the whole the hip-hop life was the life for him, even after all the drama unfolded. As a beginner in the hip-hop industry he was a very vulnerable young man. He easily got caught up in the sex and money (he never did drugs because he never liked them). He would do all kind of things that many would not approve of. He would have many different women at one time, he would buy many frivolous things, and he would cheat on his wife (it was only one time for a week though). He also then explains how when he got older he completely turned his life around. He met a friend named Charles. He taught him how to communicate with the spiritual side of life. It was from there that he turned his life around, he went back to school, and he stayed faithful to his wife, and had three loving kids. "If said if it weren't for Charles my life would have ever been the same," said LL. The book was a very good way to get across the point that if you want to get in the hip hop industry you must really want to do well. I highly enjoyed the book. It was a very funny book at times and a very sad book at times. I would highly recommend this book to a lot of people.

Banking and Financial Industry Vocabulary

Banking and Financial Industry Vocabulary This core vocabulary reference sheet provides keywords and phrases in the banking and financial industries. This vocabulary can be used in English for specific purposes classes as a starting point for including vocabulary study  relating to the banking and financial industries. Teachers are often not equipped with the exact English ​terminology required in very specific trade sectors. For this reason, core vocabulary sheets go a long way in helping teachers provide adequate materials for students with English for Specific Purposes needs. Students should also familiarize themselves with common banking abbreviations. to accept a billaccountaccount overdraftactual yieldafter-hours tradingat 30 days after sightat 60 days after dateat a discountat a premium - above parat bestat closingat parat sight - on demandbackdate - to antedateto bank - to depositbankbank accountbank balancebank branchbank clearancebank counterbank creditbank depositbank guaranteebank lending ratesbank loanbank mergerbank rate risebank sectorbank suretyship - bank guaranteebank transferbank transfer orderbankers draft - bank draftbankingbanking secrecyexchange-rate fluctuationsexchange controlsexchange rateexercise an optionto expireexpiry date - due datefinancial marketfixed exchange ratefixed term salefloat due to collectionfloating-rate loanforeign bankforeign currencyforeign exchange marketforward market - futures marketfuture transaction - forward transactionfutures - forward contractsto grant a loanto gross yieldto honour a billhostile takeoverin the redinterestinterest accrualinterest rateinvestorirrevocableirrevocable l etter of creditissue priceissuing bankissuing housejunk bondlegal interestletter of creditto loan banking systembanknote (GB) - bill (US)to bearbear marketbearer billbearer bondbearer chequebearer sharebill for collectionblank chequeblank endorsementbond - debenturebond certificatebond holder - debenture holderbond issuebonus share - free shareborrowing ratebounced cheque - uncovered chequebull marketto buy backcall option - callto cash a chequecash against documentscash market - spot marketcash overdraftcashier - tellerto charge an accountcheque (GB) - check (US)cheque bookcollectioncollection chargescommodity exchangeconfirmed irrevocable creditconfirmed letter of creditcontract notemerchant bankmoney launderingmoney marketnegotiablenegotiable billnet yieldofficial discount rateofficial Stock Exchange liston deposit - on consignmentto open an accountordinary share (GB) - common stock (US)out-of-town chequeto overdrawparity - at parpayable at sightpayable to bearerpayment orderpost datepreference share (GB) - preferred stock (US)premium dealprivate bankpromissory note - note of handto protest a billto protest chargesraterecipient - beneficiaryregistered shareto renew the billrepayment date - refund daterevocablerevocable creditrevocable letter of creditright of veto safety deposit boxsavings bankconvertibilityconvertibleconvertible bondcorrespondent bankcrash on the Stock Exchangecreditcredit cardcredit openingcrossed chequecurrency exposurecurrent account (GB) - checking account (US)current account depositdate of issuedebit balancedefault interests - interests on arrearsdepositdeposit bookdeposit certificate - deposit warrantdepositordiscount ratedividenddividend warrantdomiciled billDow Jones indexdraw a chequedrawers signaturedrawerend of month (EOM)to endorse - to backto endorse a chequeendorsementendorsement for collectionendorserexchangeexchange broker - stockbrokersavings depositto sell forwardto settle a debt - to pay off a debtsettlement of a billshar e - stockshare certificateshare indexshare issueshort-term billshort-term debtsight bill - bill on demandspeculative bubblespot exchangestock dividendStock ExchangeStock Exchange capitalisationStock Exchange indexstock marketstock optionstockbroker - stockjobberto stop a chequeto stop an accountsubject to collectionsurchargesuretyship - guaranteetake-over bid (TOB)to take out a loantown chequetransferableunacceptanceunpaid - unsettledvalue at market pricevoting shareto write out a chequeyield

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation Essay

Advanced emergency care - a critical evaluation - Essay Example ribed by Kouwenhoven et al as a means to resuscitate hearts that stopped beating, the intent was to use the procedure for sudden unexpected cardiac arrests in patients who were otherwise in good physiological condition. Kouwenhovens method of closed-chest cardiac compression improved the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) dramatically. In his first report of 20 patients undergoing CPR, Kouwenhoven had a 70% success rate (survival up to discharge). During the 40 years since the introduction of modern cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), there have been many advances in the field of emergency cardiovascular care (ECC). Contrary to Kouwenhoven’s report, recent research has shown that people who experience traumatic cardiac arrest rarely survive outside the hospital. If the person has suffered blunt trauma, cardiac arrest prior to reaching the hospital carries a 99% mortality rate in spite of ongoing efforts at resuscitation after arrival at the hospital(Perina, 2005) . Approximately 1% to 6% of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest ultimately survive the event, and although survival rates are somewhat better for in-hospital arrest patients, a recent comprehensive report observed that only 17% of these patients were discharged alive( Engdahl J,2002) Unsatisfactory results of cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures have for the most part attributed to its indiscriminate use. Various individual factors interfere with recovery from cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite the fact that the prediction of an individual outcome of such resuscitation is of great medical, ethical, and socio-economic interest, doubts about the decision whether or not to resuscitate a given patient, as well as about the consequences of either attitude, persist (Rogov, 1995). This decision should not be made only at the moment of cardiopulmonary arrest, but should also take the previous medical condition of the patient into account (Landry, 1992). Cardiopulmonary

Lowe's vs. home depot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lowe's vs. home depot - Essay Example as become easy for the customers to become aware of the product details including its availability at competitive prices which has precipitated the need to develop a whole new perspective for a new marketing technique. Lowe and Home Depot, both deal into the various aspect of home dà ©cor and accessories meeting all their customers’ home improvement requirements. But the major factor that impacts their sales is the subtle differentiation in the segmented market. While Lowe is more focused towards the needs of its women clients with its accessories for finishing touches on the decorating projects, Home Depot, with its wide varieties of ‘do it yourself’ products caters more to men, contractors and serious DIY customers. Home Depot has a better competitive image primarily because it has wider customer base and more branches spread across region than Lowe. In the current environment of recessive trends and highly competitive business compulsions, it has also realized the need to expand its product line to target extended market segmentation. Indeed, today the markets have been designed to cater to the system as a whole rather than exclusively to the customer. The need has risen so as to accommodate the growing demand from the new market segment that has come up with the advent of new technologies. The inter-dependence of the various elements within the system with its inherent capacity to complement each other has helped establish a market that is sustainable as well as mutually satisfying. While the segmentation helps to create a niche in the market. The mixed segmentation is hugely popular in the contemporary times and gives a big leverage to the companies to plan its market strategy in a more flexible manner and successfully introduce their products in a new market. Customer satisfaction through creative inputs and introduction of people-centric policies and plans that would meet the challenges of the changing social patterns and its changing demands, have

The category of tense Essay Example for Free

The category of tense Essay While the existence of the aspect category in English is a disputed matter, the tense category is universally recognised. Nobody has ever suggested to characterise the distinction, for example, between wrote, writes, and will write as other than a tense distinction. Thus we shall not have to produce any arguments in favour of the existence of the category in Modern English. As to the general definition of tense, there seems no necessity to find a special one for the English language. The basic features of the category appear to be the same in English as in other languages. [Ilyish 1971: 86] The category of tense is a verbal category that reflects the objective category of time. It correlates with the conceptual category of temporality. The essential characteristic feature of the category of tense is that it relates the time of the action, event or state of affairs referred to in the sentence to the time of the utterance. [Ð’Ð ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° 2009: 119] In English there are the three tenses (past, present and future) represented by the forms wrote, writes, will write, or lived, lives, will live. Strangely enough, some doubts have been expressed about the existence of a future tense in English. O. Jespersen discussed this question more than once. The reason why Jespersen denied the existence of a future tense in English was that the English future is expressed by the phrase â€Å"shall/will + infinitive†, and the verbs shall and will which make part of the phrase preserve, according to Jespersen, some of their original meaning (shall an element of obligation, and will an element of volition). Thus, in  Jespersen’s view, English has no way of expressing â€Å"pure futurity† free from modal shades of meaning, i.e. it has no form standing on the same grammatical level as the forms of the past and present tenses. However, this reasoning is not convincing. Though the verbs shall and will may in some contexts preserve or indeed revive their original meaning of obligation or volition respectively, as a rule they are free from these shades of meaning and expres s mere futurity. This is especially clear in sentences where the verb will is used as an auxiliary of the future tense and where, at the same time, the meaning of volition is excluded by the context, e.g. I am so sorry, I am afraid I will have to go back to the hotel.(R. West)Since the verb will cannot possibly be said to preserve even the slightest shade of the meaning of volition here, it can have only one meaning – that of grammatical futurity. The three main divisions of time are represented in the English verbal system by the three tenses. Each of them may appear in the common and in the continuous aspect. Thus we get six tense-aspect forms. Besides these six, however, there are two more, namely, the future-in-the-past and the future-continuous-in-the-past. It is common knowledge that these forms are used chiefly in subordinate clauses depending on a main clause having its predicate verb in one of the past tenses, e.g. This did not mean that she was content to live. It meant simply that e ven death, if it came to her here, would seem stale. (R. West) However, they can be found in independent clauses as well. The following passage from a novel by Huxley yields a good example of this use: It was after ten o’clock. The dancers had already dispersed and the last lights were being put out. To-morrow the tents would be struck, the dismantled merry-go-round would be packed into wagons and carted away. These are the thoughts of young man surveying the scene of a feast which has just ended. The tenses used are three: the tense which we call past perfect to denote the action already finished by that time (the dancers had dispersed), the past continuous to denote an action going on at that very moment (the lights were being put out) and the future-in-the-past to denote an action foreseen for the future (the merry-go-round would be packed and carted away). The future-in-the-past and future-continuous-in-the-past do not easily fit into a system of tenses represented by a straight line running out of the past into the future. They are a deviation from this straight line: their starting point is not the present, from which the past and the future are reckoned, but the past itself. A different view of the English tense system has been put forward by Prof. N. Irtenyeva. According to this view, the system is divided into two halves: that of tenses centering in the present, and that of tenses centering in the past. The former would comprise the present, present perfect, future, present continuous and present perfect continuous, whereas the latter would comprise the past, past perfect, future-in-the-past, past continuous and past perfect continuous. This view has much to recommend it. It has the advantage of reducing the usual threefold division of tenses to a twofold division (past and present) with each of the two future tenses (future and future-in-the-past) included into the past or the present system, respectively. A new theory of English tenses has been put forward by A. Korsakov. He establishes a system of absolute and anterior tenses, and of static and dynamic tenses. By dynamic tenses he means what we call tenses of the continuous aspect, and by the anterior tenses what we call tenses of the perfect correlation. The evaluation of this system in its relation to other views has yet to be worked out. [Ilyish 1971: 86-89] The tense category is realized through a number of oppositions. The binary principle of oppositions remains the basic one in the correlation of the forms that represent the grammatical category of tense. The present moment is the main temporal plane of verbal actions. Therefore, the temporal dichotomy may be illustrated by the following graphic representation (the arrows show the binary opposition): Present Past Future I Future II Generally speaking, the major tense-distinction in English is undoubtedly that which is traditionally described as an opposition of past::present. But this is best regarded as a contrast of past::non-past. [Ð’Ð ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° 2009: 119-120] When speaking of the expression of time by the verb, it is necessary to strictly distinguish between the general notion of time, the lexical denotation of time, and the grammatical time proper, or grammatical temporality. All the lexical expressions of time, according as they refer or do not refer the denoted points or periods of time, directly or obliquely, to this moment, are divided into â€Å"present-oriented†, or â€Å"absolute† expressions of time, and â€Å"non-present-oriented†, â€Å"non-absolute† expressions  of time. The absolute time denotation, in compliance with the experience gained by man in the course of his cognitive activity, distributes the intellective perception of time among three sph eres: the sphere of the present, with the present moment included within its framework; the sphere of the past, which precedes the sphere of the present by way of retrospect; the sphere of the future, which follows the sphere of the present by way of prospect. Thus, words and phrases like now, last week, in our century, in the past, in the years to come, very soon, yesterday, in a couple of days, giving a temporal characteristic to an event from the point of view of its orientation in reference to the present moment, are absolute names of time. The non-absolute time denotation does not characterise an event in terms of orientation towards the present. This kind of denotation may be either â€Å"relative† or â€Å"factual†. The relative expression of time correlates two or more events showing some of them either as preceding the others, or following the others, or happening at one and the same time with them. Here belong such words and phrases as after that, before that, at one and the same time with, some time later, at an interval of a day or two, at different times, etc. The factual expression of time either directly states the astronomical time of an event, or else conveys this meaning in terms of historical landmarks. Under this heading should be listed such words and phrases as in the year 1066, during the time of the First World War, at the epoch of Napoleon, at the early period of civilisation, etc. In the context of real speech the above types of time naming are used in combination with one another, so that the denoted event receives many-sided and very exact characterisation regarding its temporal status. [БÐ »Ã ¾Ã'… 1983: 137-138] Literature cited БÐ »Ã ¾Ã'… ÐÅ". Ð ¯. Ð ¢Ã µÃ ¾Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð µÃ' Ã ºÃ °Ã'  Ð ³Ã'€Ð °Ã ¼Ã ¼Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ ° Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã ¸Ã ¹Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ·Ã'‹Ð ºÃ °: Ð £Ã'‡Ð µÃ ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º. ДÐ »Ã'  Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ² Ã'„Ð ¸Ã »Ã ¾Ã ». Ã'„Ð °Ã º. Ã'Æ'Ð ½-Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã ² Ð ¸ Ã'„Ð °Ã º. Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã ». Ã' Ã ·. Ð ¿Ã µÃ ´Ã ²Ã'Æ'Ð ·Ã ¾Ã ²./ ÐÅ". Ð ¯. БÐ »Ã ¾Ã'… – ÐÅ".: Ð’Ã'‹Ã' Ã'ˆ. Ã'ˆÐ ºÃ ¾Ã »Ã °, 1983. – 383 Ã' . Ð’Ð ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° Л. ÐÅ". Ð ¢Ã µÃ ¾Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ð ¸Ã'‡Ð ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã'€Ð °Ã ¼Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ºÃ ° Ð °Ã ½Ã ³Ã »Ã'â€"Ð ¹Ã' Ã'Å'Ð ºÃ ¾Ã'â€" Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¸: Ð ¡Ã'Æ'Ã'‡Ð °Ã' Ã ½Ã ¸Ã ¹ Ð ¿Ã'â€"Ð ´Ã'…Ã'â€"Ð ´. Ð Ã °Ã ²Ã'‡. Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã' Ã'â€"Ð ±Ã ½Ã ¸Ã º./ Л. ÐÅ". Ð’Ð ¾Ã »Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ²Ã ° – К.:  «ÃÅ¾Ã' Ã ²Ã'â€"Ã'‚Ð ° Ð £Ã ºÃ'€Ð °Ã'â€"Ð ½Ã ¸Ã‚ », 2009. – 256 Ã'  . Ilyish B. The Structure of Modern English./ B. Ilyish – Л.: ПÃ'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã ²Ã µÃ'‰Ð µÃ ½Ã ¸Ã µ, 1971. – 387 Ã'€.

The Feminist Movement and Linda Tripp :: Essays Papers

The Feminist Movement and Linda Tripp Several weeks back in class we discussed women’s roles in politics today. Linda Tripp has become a political figure whether she likes to think of herself in that manner or not. When you work for the pentagon or in any governmental venue whatsoever you are marked by the lines of politics for the rest of your life. My studies have shown that Tripp has tired to downplay her political role. That was a difficult task when she was posing as the friend of the President’s mistress at the same time as she was recording their personal telephone conversations for Prosecutor Ken Starr’s use. Linda Tripp therefore plays an important role in the political environment of today’s society. Tripp plays a dual role as a woman and a political figure. She is a person of great name recognition and thus she is a representative of women in our society. I think this is where the problems with Linda Tripp begin. Tripp has changed the political and societal construction of women’s’ role's, as we know them today. Her attempts to identify with other women have only perpetuated the difficulties that women have had with in the political system. As a young woman in our society, I find it difficult to ignore the impact that Tripp has had on women in our society. I am becoming ever more involved in the political realm and find it very challenging. The class in which we discussed women’s roles in politics in the nineties represented how important and relevant gender issues continue to be within social and political movements. From that class, I remember hearing several persuasive arguments and examples from the women in the class in regards to how difficult it can be to be involved in political issues today. The pressures of being a woman are sometimes subtle and often not felt instantaneously. The need to work harder and do better in order to prove ourselves competent to our fellow male counterparts is sometimes not realized by women until we have reached a personal limit. In reaching that limit we can look around and sometimes I feel we may have lost a lot in trying to achieve some of the same things that men in our so ciety are raised to do. I think Linda Tripp has reached that limit and has lost personal values. Her fame has not been of positive persuasion to the

Perennialism and Essentialism

I have been put to the challenge to develop my beliefs about education. Education is very important to me. I will make sure that I try to push my children to continue their education until they can’t go anymore. The sky is the limit. I ask myself important questions every day. What kind of teacher do I want to be? I want to have a positive influence and a strong teaching strategy. Everybody have their ideal teaching strategy and their goals of being a teacher. For this philosophical essay I have studied 4 philosophies. The 4 philosophies were perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and social Reconstructionism.When I took the assessment I scored a 19 on essentialism, I assume that I believe in this belief strongly. The next highest was the Perennialism where I scored an 18 in. For Progressivism I scored a 14 and finally I scored a 15 in social Reconstructionism. Essentialism suggests that a critical core of information exists that all people should possess. Schools should e mphasize basic skills and academic subjects, and students should master these subjects. A curriculum that emphasizes reading, writing, and a deep understanding of math is consistent with essentialism.Essentialism and perennialism share the same view that knowledge and understanding are preeminent. Essentialism emphasizes knowledge and skills whereas perennialism emphasis on universal truths thought his study of classical literature. Their emphases are practical and usable knowledge the essentialist curriculum is more likely to change than the perennialism curriculum. As the world changes teachers preparation programs place increases emphasis on working effectively with education. Perennialism means that one should teach things that one deems to be everlasting pertinence to all people everywhere.It’s believe that the most important topic develop a person. Since details of the fact change these cannot be the most important things. So, principles not facts or taught. So instead of teaching about techniques or machines, they teach about humans first and workers second and Liberal topics first not vocational topics. Perennialism is good ways teach in my opinion. It has been used for generations and has been working. I believe is better for a student to learn about the evolution of humans than the man made things or techniques.A particular strategy with modern perennialists is to teach scientific reasoning, not facts. Teacher illustrated reasoning with original accounts of famous experiments and it give students a human side to science. Perennialism and essentialism have similarities. Perennialism focuses on personal development first, while essentialism focuses on essential skills. Both philosophies of education are both teacher centered, as opposed to progressivism. Teachers who teach with perennialism are is the sense the authors of the western masterpieces themselves, and these teacher may be opened up more to student criticism.Permanence is more real tha n change and human nature remains essentially the he same no matter the culture. Also, the good life is more fit for a women and man to live and remain essential the same. The moral principles of perennialism remain the same; hence the education that men receive should remain essentially the same. An educational goal for perennialism is to train the intellect whereas the essentialism acquires the basic skills needed to function in today’s world. The curriculum for the essentialism is to essential knowledge a basic skill.The curriculum for the perennialism is to focus on enduring ideas. The teaching methods for the perennialism is to lecture; question and discuss. The essentialism is the same but they practice and feedback. The learning environment for essentialism is it will be high structure strong focus on essential knowledge and skills. The perennialism is also the same but they are strongly structured on academic work. The Perennialism frequently takes assessments and rec eives feedbacks. The essentialism does frequent objective and performance assessments and feedbacks.

Analysis of God Sees the Truth but Fail- Leo Tolstoy Essay

The story is spread over a period of 26 years, where the main character Aksionov changes over time. He becomes a person whom everyone in the prison, including the guards, trust. He was liked for his meekness and his fellow prison mates respected him. He was called’ grandfather’ and ‘The saint’. He became the spokesman for petitions and was the person to whom people came to when they had quarrels or any kind of problem. He is interpreted as a person who stuck to his values and his identity even after all the years in prison. He had no news of his family and was hurt by this fact alot. He had aged over the years and looked older than his age. His hair was gray, he stooped, walked slowly spoke very little and never laughed. Even then his presence was felt throughout the prison because of his kind nature and he was loved by everyone. The other character in the story, Makar Semyonich is a stark contrast to Aksionov. Semyonich is was tall, with a closely cropped gray beard. They were both of the same age but Aksionov had aged over the years in the prison, while Semyionich was strong and well built. Because of his appearance, Semyonich called Aksionov â€Å"gran’dad†. They way Semyonich spoke to the others was in a very casual tone, as if it was nothing great that he had landed in prison and that the crime he had committed was not that a heinous one. Even after he found out who Aksionov was, his voice did not show any remorse or guilt, which showed that he wasn’t guilty that someone else had been convicted of a crime that he had committed. When the murder of the merchant was discussed, Semyonich uttered the words â€Å" how could anyone put a knife into your bag while it was under your head?† When he said these words, Aksionov understand he was the real murderer as he had not said that the bag was under his pillow. When he found out who the real killer was,he longed for vengeance even if he himself should perish for it . there was a change in his attitude, in his thoughts. He was no longer in peace and had a sense of uneasiness in him. Even when the guards were asking Aksionov if he knew who had dug a hole in the prison, Semyonich stood as if he was innocent, as if he had no care in the world. But Aksionov did not give up semyonichs name even though he had seen him do it, because he was good at heart and wasn’t too sure if he was the one who had killed the merchant. Seeing that Aksionov hadn’t given his name up, Semyonich went to him and confessed his crime of murdering the merchant, for which Aksionov had spent  26 years in jail. He begged for forgiveness and even said that he would confess to the guatds. But it did not ake a difference to Aksionov as his entire life had been spent in prison and there was nobody outside waiting for him- his wife was dead and his children did not remember him anymore. Semyonich felt the pain Aksionov was suffering , and begged for his forgiveness, for he wanted to change as a person and wouldnot be in peace with himself until Aksionov had forgiven him. The story is about forgiveness and how forgiveness can bring a change in a person. There is a change in Semyonich when he realises his mistake and sees the suffering of Aksionov in prison, which drives him to beg for forgiveness from Aksionov. He even confesses in court of his previous crime, though it did not make a difference in Aksionov’s life as he passed away before his order for release came. There always was a sense of acceptance in Aksionov’s mind and heart, acceptance of his condition in prison and he was at peace with himself. But when he realised who the real murderer was, his peace was overtaken by anger, revenge and hatred towards Semyonich. He wanted him to suffer ah he had for the past 26 years. But when Semyonich came to ask him for forgiveness, a sense of relief overcame him, his heart grew light and and the longing for home left him. He knew that god would forgive Semyonich for his mistake. Forgivinh Semyonich did change Aksionov in a way, it removed the hatred and anger within him towards Semyonich. When Aksionov did not give up semyonichs name, Semyonich realised what pain and suffering he had put an innocent man through and felt remorseful about it. There is a contrast in the presentation of the two main characters. Aksionov’s thoughts, his change as a person, his character is potrayed from his thoughts and actions. Alot of his thoughts are written in the story and with that we get to know more about his nature, his attitude towards life. Semyonich’s character can be gathered from his dialogue and speech. His inner thoughts have not been mentioned and with the help of his speech we find out that he has no care in the world, doesn’t feel guilty about his crimes as mentioned above. The focus of this is also on the morals and values that people hold. The story has dramatic representation as well narrative representation. There are dialogues and conversations in the story, which helps the reader understand the characters better, as well as understand the moral of the story and the theme which the author has tried  to convey. The story also has a character focus, where the change in the attitude and nature of both characters is emphasized on, especially Semyonich. The story also raises the question of punishment, by imprisonment, being a correct measure. AND OF CLAY ARE WE CREATED-ISABEL ALLENDE The story is spread over a time span of 3 days. The main characters are Rolf Carle, a journalist who specialises in disasters and Azucena, a girl who is stuck under the earth because of a landslide caused by the volcanic eruption. The story is narrated by a third person, Rolf Carles’s girlfriend, but is in the first person narrative form. She is seeing the whole episode between Carle and Azucena through the television and comments upon what she sees and understands. She knows Carle’s past, understands his pain and suffering and comments about it in parts of the story. The narrator empathises with him. She also comments on the media, similar to the comments in the poem’ Adam from New Zealand’ by Imtiaz Dharkar. The narrator comments about the extent media goes to get their stories, how they make innocent people media fodder and exploit them for their own benefit, about how they try to capture reality, the true stories by not being fully involved. The problem with the narrator being a peripheral character is that she truly doesn’t know what the main characters are thinking, what their emotions are. She cant go into their minds and write, so she writes what she thinks the characters are thinking and feeling, which is cheating as she might be making up some of the thoughts and emotions. She also emphasizes how far away she is from him during the disaster. It was as if the television screen separated both of them from each other. Rolf Carle is a journalist, who is very passionate about his job. He is a very well known figure on television, reporting live at scenes of battle and disasters. He had a calm voice in the midst of all the chaos of the disaster he was covering. He was focused, calm, had a sense of equanimity and it seemed like fear never seemed to touch or affect him. It was as if he saw all the action through the lens of the camera, through a distance and never got emotionally involved with the action. This protected him from his own emotions. He got involved, in a way obsessed with trying to protect and save Azucena. He talked to her, told her stories, got all the possible resources available to save her. his voice  broke down when he promised her she would get saved. He had forgotten his camera, he now did not look at the girl through the camera lens, but with his own eyes. He had shed his protection, he was now flooded by his emotions. The emotions he had been bottling up for years, memories of his past began overcoming him, his deepest secrets now starting flooding his mind. He could not tell Azucena all this for she would not understand. The memories of the Russians taking them to the concentration camps, his father locking him up, his mother being forced to perform for the troops, his sister, all the horrors of his past. He was now buried in the memories of those horrors of the past. He realised that all that he had achieved as a reporter was just to bury his past deeper wi thin. He was hurt again by the memory of it. He then realised that Azucena had indeed consoled him, made him accept his past and move on from it. The girl had touched a part of him which even his girlfriend had never had been able to understand, be a part of. Azucena was a young girl of thirteen, who had ever left her village and did not know about life outside hers. Even though she was neck deep in quick sand, she did not seem desperate to be rescued. She was calm and composed, as if resignation had made her accept her fate. This was a difference in attitude between her and Rolf. She was humble, and at times her tone was as if she was apologising for all the fuss she was creating. She learnt a lot about the world through the stories he told her, she had a premature optimism about being saved in the beginning. But as time passed by, she started giving up hope and completely broke down, knowing her fate. She and Rolf had an emotional connection, which helped them both accept her fate, her death and be at peace. She , unknowingly, had made Rolf confront his past. Seeing her suffering, his memories had flood back and he was finally able to make peace with what had happened all those years back. With her help he had confronted it and finally put it all away. She had become media fodder through her suffering. She was asked the same questions by the reporters; she was used as an object to show the world the horror that had taken place in that area. She could no longer answer their questions as she was too tired and sick to, as well as because she no longer wanted to. She was literally drowned in mud, and her face was showing signs of exhaustion and giving up hope. She did not understand life beyond her village, the seven seas and the rest of Europe. The main focus of the story is Rolf  Carle, his change as a character. how the encounter with Azucena affects him psychologically and how he fights the demons of his past within him. The second focus is on the media, the narrator brings out the desperation the media has to get their story and how they use people to get their stories. How they don’t understand the sentiments of the people involved, which shows the insensitivity of the media. The title is in a way symbolic to the story, it refers to how we are made from the mud and how at the end the little girl dies and sinks into the mud. It emphasizes the fact that its a circle of life- we end up at the place where we started. The story is written very metaphorically, with the use of situational and dramatic irony in some places. It goes deep into the emotions of the main character and sometimes even brings out a poetic touch. The story is set within a very short time frame of 3 days, with the conclusion bringing out a sense of change in the main characters depression in the future. It brings out two fights(metaphorically)- Rolf fighting to save Azucena by trying everything possible, and the fight with himself to prevent his past memories from coming forward and haunting him. WHAT IS A SHORT STORY? A short story is a work of fiction which is written in prose and often in narrative form, as seen in ‘And Of Clay Are We Made’. The length of a short story may vary from author to author, sometimes ranging from a page to 20 pages. It generally combines matter of fact descriptions with a poetic atmosphere. There is often little action and less character development, as compared to a novel. The plot of the story is simple, not complicated, but leaves the reader with a vivid impression which makes it easier to remember the facts. Very often short stories have abrupt or open endings, leaving an opportunity to the reader to think and form opinions about the ending. They generally tend to stick to one incident, rather than a mix of a no of incidents like in novels, and is usually restricted to only one setting. A short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or few significant scenes. This form encourages economy of setting, concise narrative and the omission of a complex plot. The character is disclosed in action and dramatic encounter but is seldom fully developed. A short story is usually judged by its ability to provide a complete or satisfying  treatment of its characters and subjects. There is a close connection between a short story and a poem as there is a unique union of idea and structure in both. The evolution of the short story began even before man could write. To aid himself in constructing and memorising tales, the early storyteller often relied on stock phrases, fixed rhythms and rhyme. Most of the ancient short story are in verse form and the stories from the middle east were also in verse form. They were inscribed in cuneiform on clay during 2nd millennium BC. Some writers believe that the shoert story is the most greatest and the most challenging form of literature to write, and the most infuriating too. Even though it looks very easy to pen, it sometimes takes a very long time for the writers to finish a short story. A good short story is always about a moment of profound realisation, or a hint of it. A classic length of a short story is that one should be able to finish in one sitting. The elements of a short story are: 1.Setting: the time and location in which the story takes place is called the setting. For some stories the setting is important while for others it isn’t. 2.Plot: the plot is how the author arranges the events to develop his basic idea. It is the sequence of events . the plot is planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle and end. The story has usually has only one plot. 3.Conflict: conflict is an essential plot for without it , the plot makes no sense. It is the opposition of forces that ties one incident to another and makes the plot move. It is not merely limited to open arguments; rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character. 4.Character: short stories use few characters. One character is central to the story with all major events revolving around the main character and is known as the protagonist. The opposite of the main character or the secondary character is known as the antagonist. 5.Point of view: point of view is defined as the angle from which the story is told. For eg: from the point of view of an adult, or a child and sometimes even from the narrators point of view, as in ‘And of Clay Are We Created’. 6.Theme: the theme is the controlling idea or its central insight. It is the authors underlying meaning or the main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author’s thoughts on a certain social, political issue. The title of the story usually point to what the writer is saying and uses  various figures of speech to convey the theme to the readers. The stories ‘GOD SEES THE TRUTH BUT WAITS’ and ‘ AND OF CLAY ARE WE CREATED’ are short stories that are in the narrative form, yet are quite different from each other, as will be seen in the following pages. The morals, the themes, time span as well as characterisat ion and style of narration are very different from each other.

Business, Technology, and Environmental Ethics essays

Business, Technology, and Environmental Ethics essays Business, Technology, and Environmental Ethics have been related to all the important events that had happened during this period. Progress in the technology field has not only made people independent of much manual work, but also, it has brought many negative effects that have caused damage to our environment, for example; pollution. Pollution is consider one of the most important economic problems, but is also a technological problem, the main reason is because our natural resources are infinite, so we have to find a substitute of those products who cause pollution. In my opinion we are running in circles, because we might find a substitute product which help to eliminate the economic and technologic problem, but this invention will bring another different problem that we still dont know. In addition, we can say that technology has helped us to see things from different perspectives, which is good, as philosophy did in previews period of time were humans were used to see things in one way, so philosophers ant thinkers helped people to realize that things are not always the way it seems to be. A good example of this will be the different theories explaining the nature of the movement of the planet earth (biocentrism). We can say also that technology has helped us to advance in the medical field, now we can live longer. On the other hand, it is a double risk weapon because we might have medicines which help people to live longer, but we are also creating new viruses, which cause diseases. Therefore, in conclusion, advances in these fields can bring a lot of benefits to humanity, but also, if ambition overcome humans and make them use these benefits to their own, it can be catastrophic for others. ...

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol

The Chemical Composition of Rubbing Alcohol One of the types of alcohol you can buy over the counter is rubbing alcohol, which is used for disinfection and may be applied to the skin to produce a cooling effect. Do you know the chemical composition of rubbing alcohol? It is a mixture of denatured alcohol, water, and agents added to make the alcohol unpalatable to drink. It may also include colorants. There are two common types of rubbing alcohol. Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol Most rubbing alcohol is made from isopropyl alcohol or isopropanol in water. It is common to find isopropyl rubbing alcohol at concentrations from 68% alcohol in water up to 99% alcohol in water. The 70% rubbing alcohol is highly effective as a disinfectant. Additives make this alcohol bitter-tasting, to try to prevent people from drinking it. Isopropyl alcohol is toxic, in part because the body metabolizes it into acetone. Drinking this alcohol can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, central nervous system depression, organ damage, and potentially coma or death. Ethyl Alcohol Rubbing Alcohol The other type of rubbing alcohol consists of 97.5-100% denatured ethyl alcohol or ethanol with water. Ethyl alcohol is naturally less toxic than isopropyl alcohol. In fact, it is the alcohol that naturally occurs in wine, beer, and other alcoholic beverages. However, the alcohol is denatured or made undrinkable in rubbing alcohol, both to control its use as an intoxicant and because the alcohol has not been purified to make it safe to drink. In fact, in the US, additives make it as toxic as isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the UK In the United Kingdom, rubbing alcohol goes by the name surgical spirit. The formulation consists of a mixture of ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Rubbing Alcohol in the US In the United States, rubbing alcohol made using ethanol must conform to Formula 23-H, which specifies it consists of 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol, 8 parts by volume of acetone, and 1.5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone (MSDS sheet). The remainder of the composition includes water and denaturants and may include colorants and perfume oils. Rubbing alcohol made using isopropanol is regulated to contains at least 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate (MSDS sheet) and 1.40 mg of denatonium benzoate per 100 ml volume. Isopropyl rubbing alcohol also contains water, stabilizer and may contain colorants. Rubbing Alcohol Toxicity All rubbing alcohol manufactured in the US is toxic to ingest or  inhale and can cause excessively dry skin if used often. In fact, if you read the product label, youll see there is a warning against most of the common uses of rubbing alcohol. All types of rubbing alcohol, regardless of their country of origin, are flammable. Formulations closer to 70% are less likely to catch fire than rubbing alcohol that contains a higher percentage of alcohol.

Legacy of Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legacy of Wars - Essay Example The treaty of Versailles is one of the factors that took place in 1919 was one of the legendary factors for the continuation of the First World War. This treaty was a meeting to discuss the various ways in which Germany was to pay for the damages it had done during the First World War. The main terms of the treaty were that Germany was the causes of the First World War because it gave Germany harsh conditions and took away its territorial land, making the Germans unhappy about it. They decided to fight back in order to prove they are still a super power, and this came out during the second world war. Wells (2011 P. 82) states that the reality of the situation was that no German state would be able to accept the treaty in the long term. There were various sanctions that were passed by the League of Nations, but they were not effective. The League of Nations could only impose economic sanctions, which were not effective, For instance, the Locarno Conference was a failed peace treaty be tween Germany and France that failed after Germany invaded France the only way to solve the conflicts, therefore, war to engage into a war, hence the continuation of the First World War. Adolf Hitler wanted Germany to dominate the whole world, and did this by tying to bring all the central European countries together. Hitler wanted Germany to grow and implemented this by annexing Poland. ... With these ambitions, Hitler caused problems to various countries making them resolve to war that was similar or more complicated than the First World War. The failure of America and Britain to stop Hitler during the time he was coming up also made the occurrence of the Second World War because Hitler wanted to oppose the sanctions made to the Germans by the other super powers. Orr (2005), states that the war to end all wars would serve as a prologue to the bigger war to come. Most European countries experienced tension when they saw the various actions that Adolf Hitler was doing. They decided to increase more armies and prepare for a war so that they would not have to suffer the consequences similar to what was experienced during the First World War. The best option that was to be adopted was the use of force in order to prevent themselves from the problems that were caused by the Germans, and this led to the continuation of the First World War. Political, economic and technologica l consequences of the Second World War The Second World War had severe consequences on most of the European countries in terms of its politics, the overall economy and advancement in technology. Towards the end, of the war, Germany became divided into four various zones by the victorious powers while they were waiting for a political settlement that was permanent. Japan ended up in ruins following the Second World War, and several military leaders in that country were tried and convicted of causing war crimes. However, the Emperor was allowed to maintain his position, and the entire Japs came into a temporary military rule by United States. England had experience devastating bombings from the Germans thereby making its economy go down; hence, it had to

Technical Complexity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technical Complexity - Essay Example This implies that technical complexity best works with continuous process technology as its whole process is fully mechanized. Automated machines get to control continuous process production indicating that its outcomes are high predictable. Continuous-process technology represents the height of technical complexity. Organizations with increased technical complexity are taller and have a wider span of control. Technical complexity enables the increase of hierarchy levels in the organization. Technical complexity ensures that small-batch technology requires three levels of management. With technical complexity, continuous-process technology requires six levels of hierarchy while mass production requires four levels (Daft, 2010). Technical complexity also affects the span of control and decision making for organizations using different technology. The span of control gets narrowed for small-batch technology while wide for mass production with incorporation of technical complexity. Technical complexity decentralizes decision making for small-batch technology while it widens that for mass production. Technical complexity also impacts on the nature of the organizational structures for the different technology. Mass production requires a mechanistic structure while small-batch and continuous process t echnology require organic

Dq 8-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dq 8-Terence - Essay Example Based on the same, are ethical issues concerned with the efficiency and speed of information systems, especially at the work place (Brown, 2012). Information is one of the strong tools to success. The development of information systems may also involve political and social relations (Hollifield & Habibi, 2011). Electric information systems are now widely used, especially in the workplace. There is need however to guard the privacy and security of the information being transmitted through the information systems, since people may misuse it, or in some cases, the information may affect parties that are not involved significantly (Xu & Quaddus, 2013). Privacy in knowledge worker information systems as well as security is important. The information systems may have information that may be useful to the larger society, or a group of people (Zimmermann, 2011). However, security and privacy are important for the sake of preserving information that may otherwise be harmful if leaked. A knowledge worker such as a scientist for example, may have researched on and stored information in an information system (Salmela & Anna, 2011). The kind of information stored needs security, should an individual want to leak the hard- earned information. There may be hackers who might also illegally obtain information they are not supposed to obtain (Stair & Reynolds, 2013). To address the risk of private information being accessed, a company may consider establishing an electronic database. The database should be designed to access all kinds of information as well as store it. An electronic database may alter the way information is convened. Persons that may be involved require training on how to retrieve and enter the information in digit form. This kind of precaution may ward off several persons, acting as an effective measure (Hollifield & Habibi, 2011). Offshore outsourcing mainly occurs when services and products are procured from

Internet Cafe Market Success Entry Strategy Commerce Essay

Internet Cafe Market Success Entry Strategy Commerce Essay Before opening a business in a foreign country we should analyze the market in which we are going to enter. We have to understand how country variables affect our business whether in positive or negative ways. The first part of this paper covers market success analysis in which I will discuss market size, resources, regulations and procedures, and risks. The second part will touch upon the issue of market entry analysis. And the third part will move on with a discussion of market entry implementation strategy. II. Market success analysis Market size (potential to make money by providing the service), Resources (educated or non educated laborers, professional services, raw materials), Regulations and Procedures (government red tape, duties, and taxes), and Risks (financial, safety, and competitive). Indian market has a huge potential and this is explained by the fact that India is the second most populated country in the world. In India, there are 7-8 million internet users (including 2 million subscribers of ISPs). Total population of India is 1 billion people. In Indian companies, there are 5 million computers. Thus, two thousand Internet cafes are an important way to gain access to the Network for Indian users. The number of Internet cafes in India is increasing constantly. In particular, for example, the company Satyam Info way Ltd is planning to open a chain of 500-600 and cyber cafes across the country. This will be a very significant step in the popularization of the Internet, because until recently such a cafe located only in the four major Indian cities Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Madras. Further enhances the significance of this step, the fact that other options for access to the Network for the Indians, almost closed. For example, home Internet access, in fact, sti ll a dream for them, because even today for the 100 residents of the country accounts for only about three phones. All in all, I consider Internet cafà © in India to be very attractive. The great number of population involved in this sector will affect my business only in a positive way. Resources (educated or non educated laborers, professional services, raw materials) The labor force in India is one of the cheapest in the world. In India there are a large number of English qualified workers. This increases the size of the Indian market and attracts foreign companies to establish firms there. India is the largest example of countries that suffer from the problem of child labor. In my opinion it is obvious to all that in India children without education are being exploited and forced into labor. There are about 60 to 115 million working children in India the highest number in the world (Human Rights Watch 1996, 1).In one way the fact that Indian labors are the cheapest it is an advantage to hire children without education for food service workers and underpay them. But there is a disadvantage too. For example, I cant hire uneducated IT experts, administrators because they are the integral part of my business. Will I prosper or lose mostly it will depend on them. There are many Internet cafà ©s in India which provide different services. Almost all cafes provide more than access to the Internet. Also Internet cafà © serves with food, drink, playing room for children and maybe it is crucial factors to become one of the top cafes. Moreover there is a professional cafà © in Delhi for companies and businessmen. Another very important aspect is raw materials. As concerns Internet cafà © I need to rent a building, buy tables. Also I need wireless Internet and food drink services. So My Internet cafà © will have an opportunity to get raw materials right in India. Regulations and Procedures (government red tape, duties, and taxes) India has well-establishes rules of law, stable political environment. As I discussed in previous paper for setting up business in India I have to obtain permission from the Reserve Bank of India to conduct any activity in India, trade, office or other place of business .To put in application for such permission I have to go to the Office of the Reserve Bank in Mumbai. Bureaucracy and corruption affect business in India. Starting a business with contracts in India is very difficult. India has the worst levels of red tape. It takes lots of time to run the business when there are many regulations. On one hand it is negative impact on my business but if we will think in another way we come up with a thought that government regulations and laws protect society. And it seems to me that a country that cares about people attracts foreign firms in spite of its rules, regulations, and duties. Local companies in India are taxed on income from all sources in India. However with an accordance of the Income Tax Act foreign companies are taxed on income earned through business connection in India or from other Indian sources. If a foreign company has no business with India, and the income is not taxable. Tax rate for local companies is 33.22% and for foreign companies is 42.23%. As I am going to set up a foreign company of course I will pay taxes. Taxes are pretty high. But tax rates were lowered in recent years with the governments goal to broaden the tax base and ensure greater observance. In my opinion, India is an appropriate place to set up a business. Actually, the taxation is very high; however the political environment is stable and well-established. Risks (financial, safety, and competitive) In fact there are good and bad sides establishing business in the country where the population is seemingly at its peak. Everyone knows that India is still facing shortage of skilled workers and thus it is risky for my cafà © to hire residents. To raise the productivity of the company I would like to have good qualified workers. Today India is one of the fastest growing economies. Government urges foreign firms to invest in the business and by this to lead the growth of economy. Economic reforms are aimed to regulate the economy. The question arises whether or not to invest in the business In any case, each company has a risk that either it will be burned up with the money or the reverse side to climb up. As India is a rapidly growing economy, I believe that it minimized the risks of Internet cafà ©. India established by the judicial system, complex legal and accounting systems and convenient infrastructure gives foreign companies the opportunity to feel in a safe environment that ensures safe long-term relationship. Vibrant and highly competitive private sector in India offers great opportunities for foreign companies, creating a competition among enterprises. As previously mentioned, there are plenty of Internet cafes in India, and because of that we need to learn some market entry strategies in order to succeed in this business. III. Market Entry Analysis Each of us wants to flourish the business. In order not to fail in the initial stages we have to select the right market entry strategy. There are main market entry strategies: direct investment, joint ventures, licensing, franchising, exporting and importing, turnkey project, and management contract. Im going to set up my business in India and therefore I have to choose the right strategies considering culture of a chosen country, consumers and so on. I think the best entry strategies for my business are Franchising, direct Investment, and Joint Venture. Franchising is a widespread-known marketing strategy. Lets discuss what does Franchising mean? Franchising is an agreement between firms that one firm make an agreement with another one firm to sell its products. The second firm has a right to get the trademark and the logo of products. There are disadvantages and advantages of this market strategy entry. Advantages are that franchising gives an opportunity for the second firm to grow rapidly and to be widespread-known. Also this company is sure that the product will be in demand because it is brand. The benefit of the first company is that it makes more money by providing its products to another company, franchisee. Buying a franchise you will get a support from franchisor-advices, training support, and help for running business. Disadvantages are restrictions from the franchisor in operating the business; you have to share with a profit with franchisor and also franchisee can spoil the good reputation of the brand. I think using fr anchising strategy Internet cafà © will survive and prosper because my business will operate on proven ideas. The second entry strategy is Foreign Direct Investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is becoming an increasingly important factor in economic development. In recent years more and more of an increase in foreign direct investment is observed. Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests in facilities to manufacture the product in another country. The creator of the company is the owner. Advantages: Invested money stimulates economic growth Employment increases Domestic producers can become more efficient Country has more stakeholders Disadvantages: Inflation increases If domestic companies uncompetitive they may suffer Rrequires a high level of resources The direct investment strategy has more advantages than disadvantages and thus this strategy is the right strategy for my business which will increase our efficiency. The last strategy is a joint venture. A joint venture between foreign companies is a popular strategy today for both companies to achieve their goals. Each partner has the opportunity to get their benefits from the comparative advantages of others. Local companies can provide knowledge about domestic and foreign companies can offer know-how and access to foreign clients. Like other strategies joint venture has advantages and disadvantages. When forming a joint venture company has an opportunity to gain new experience and advanced knowledge in technology. Also, the company has an access to important resources, personnel and technology. In addition to this companies share the risks with a partner and they become flexible. Companies can sell the business to another parent company. Approximately 80% of all joint ventures in the end are sold. So, these are advantages of joint venture and lets look at disadvantages. It requires a lot of time and effort to build a proper and strong relation ship and cooperation with other business and thus there may be some problems if the target of the company is not communicated to all parties or incorrectly communicated. There is an imbalance in the level of knowledge, investments or assets are listed in the company by various partners. Different cultures and management styles contribute to deterioration of cooperation. In order to succeed you need to carefully study the targets. I think that this strategy is an appropriate for my business I am going to set up. But I do not want to share my business with another person despite the fact that with a partner running business would be much easier. After all research that was provided by me I have decided that the best market entry for my business is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). As I discussed it earlier, this strategy is more appropriate for my business than another two. Because using FDI strategy you can be the owner of the company and this is what I mostly want to. Another reason why I decided to choose FDI strategy is that I can control all operations, to know consumers needs. In addition to this FDI strategy has law political risks because India is politically stable country. That is why I settled on this decision. Market Entry Implementation To become successful in my business I decided to choose FDI market entry strategy. I have to decide how I will implement this strategy. At the initial stage of opening an Internet cafe, I should control all actions that will be made to create my business. Staff plays an important role in my business and to attract people to my cafà ©, I must carefully choose educated, highly skilled and courteous people. Also I would like to have employees whom I could trust. Each of us knows that the success and prosperity of our business is our clients and to attract them it is very important to select staff that will satisfy all the needs of clients. Since I am not the resident of India, I must understand that for me there are certain rules that I need to follow. I have to determine the budget, control all costs and to be sure that I could pay all bills. Also I should have start-up capital that would help me to open a business in a foreign country. In order to move ahead my cafà © I need to create a marketing strategy that is completely new, something that no one has it. Creating a Marketing Strategy will save me lots of money. Many business owners dont want to do it because they dont know where to start and they feel they dont have the time to spend on it .I want everyone in India to know about my Internet cafà © and have a vivid impression. Summing up I would like to say that India is the best choice to run my business. There are some positive (political, legal environment) and negative aspects (taxes, red tape etc) that will affect my business. But I understand if I want to achieve my goal it is necessary to work very hard and strive to success.

Importance of Mountains in Kerouacs Dharma Bums and Barthelmes The Gl

Importance of Mountains in Kerouac's Dharma Bums and Barthelme's The Glass Mountain   Ã‚  Ã‚   Mountains are significant in the writing of Jack Kerouac and Donald Barthelme as symbolic representations of achievement and the isolation of an individual from the masses of the working class in industrialized capitalist American society. The mountains, depicted by Kerouac and Barthelme, rise above the American landscape as majestic entities whose peaks are touched by few enduring and brave souls. The mountains of Kerouac's The Dharma Bums symbolize personal freedom and accomplishment through achieving a connection with nature distant from the constraints of materialism and a polluted industrialized American society. Barthelme's "Glass Mountain," however, envisions a mountain removed from nature as a modern skyscraper office building, an edifice that embodies the degradation of an emerging American society in the 1960s that is in search of "the American Dream" through material or monetary gains. "The Glass Mountain" remarks on the movement of Americans away from nature, religion, and humanity as they look to false golden idols (the golden castle at the top of the mountain) for inspiration to be successful, while Kerouac's The Dharma Bums emphasizes a return to nature and devout religiousness to inspire virtues of charity, kindness, humility, zeal, tranquility, wisdom, and ecstasy (p. 5). The top of the mountain, for both authors, represents a fearful ascent from the masses of the working class huddled in polluted cities in order to achieve a heightened state of knowledge and success, but both explorers fall short of true fulfillment because they are never far removed from human flaws of greed, excess, and materia... ...est of the world from the top is better than actually doing it. The mountains also represent the struggle of the lower classes in American society to achieve wealth for the sake of happiness and fulfillment. What Americans seeking wealth do not realize is that the top is a lonely place, devoid of the longing for material possession that keeps them going in life. The thrill of climbing the mountain, or the corporate ladder, is always more rewarding than looking down from the top to see the ugliness of the city below and regretting that they must return to this ugliness of competition and greed in order to sustain their own pitiful human existence.    Bibliography Barthelme, Donald. "The Glass Mountain." The New American Poetry., Allen, Donald, ed. Berkeley, Ca.: U. Calif. Press, 1999. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York: Penguin., 1976.

Nordstrom Employee Issues

Does the company have an ethics policy? Conflicts of Interest Nordstrom values fair and honest dealings with their customers, coworkers, suppliers, competitors and other business partners. Directors are expected to uphold these values by avoiding conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest also may arise when a Director, or a member of his or her family, receives personal benefits such as gifts as a result of his or her position as a Director with Nordstrom.Directors should use good judgment at all times to avoid relationships that could create a real or perceived conflict of interest. If a Director believes he or she has an actual or potential conflict of interest with Nordstrom, the Director shall notify the Chair of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee as promptly as practicable and shall not participate in any deliberations and decisions by the Board of Directors that in any way relates to the matter that gives rise to the conflict of interest.Corporate Opportunitie s Directors owe a duty to Nordstrom to advance its legitimate interests when the opportunity to do so arises. Directors may not take for themselves a business opportunity (or direct a business opportunity to a third party) that is discovered through the use of Nordstrom property, information or position, unless Nordstrom has already been offered the opportunity and determined that it will not pursue that opportunity ConfidentialityEach Director, during his or her term of office, and after leaving the Board, must maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to him or her by Nordstrom and any other confidential information about Nordstrom that comes to him or her, from whatever source, in his or her capacity as a Director, except when disclosure is authorized or legally mandated or when the information becomes generally available to the public. . How are employee and labor issues addressed? Nordstrom has an open door policy.Each employee has the responsibility to speak up to create a safer work environment that supports an environment where each can realize their potential, and contributes to the company’s goal of providing excellent customer service. If you have any questions about the Code of Conduct or have a concern about any employee or customer conduct, we want to hear from you. The expectation is that any concerns will be brought up immediately. Also, in the event any employees observe illegal or unethical behavior, they have a responsibility to speak up.An anonymous or confidential option is also available. Call 1. 888. 832. 8358 or visit ethicspoint. com. Retaliation is Not Permitted Nordstrom will not permit any retaliation against employees who report possible misconduct, raise a concern regarding a violation of this Code, participate in an investigation or otherwise engage in legally protected activity. Anyone who retaliates will be subject to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. http://shop. nordstrom. com/c/nordstrom-cares-environment? origin=topnav

Social Studies Sba

Acknowledgement The researcher wishes to express her gratitude towards her social studies teacher who was abundantly helpful. The researcher would also like to thank her parents for their kind co-operation and for supporting her financially throughout this assessment. Lastly, the researcher would like to thank the almighty god, without whom nothing is possible. Introduction This assessment is based on child labour.Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many and legislations across the world prohibit child labour. Statement of Problem What are the effects of child labour in Cumberland village, East Canje Berbice? Reasons for Selecting Area of ResearchThe reasons for selecting this area of research is because the prevalence of child labour among s chools in the researcher’s village is high; the researcher would also like to study the factors related to child labour, like the reasons for children working, problems faced by the children, work place conditions, etc. Method of Investigation The method of investigation used for this project was in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used because of the following reasons: * It is cheaper It does not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys * It has standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. Instrument Used to Collect Data Questionnaire 135 New Street Cumberland East Canje, Berbice. 21st September, 2012. Dear Sir/Madam, The researcher is a fifth form student of New Amsterdam Secondary School. The researcher is pursuing a course of subject in the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC), Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) in Social Studies, which the researcher would be writing in 2013.The researcher is re quired to conduct a research on a school based assessment (SBA) based on the topic child labour. The researcher is hereby seeking your assistance. To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate box. Thank you for your co-operation. Yours Truly, Fifth Form Student of N. A. S. S Nafesia Hack. Caribbean Examination Council Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate School Based Assessment Social Studies 2013 Topic: Child Labour Instruction: To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate boxes. 1. What is your sex? Male ? Female ? 2.What is your age? 16-20 ? 21-30 ? 31-40 ? 3. What is your ethnicity? African ? East Indian ? Mixed ? 4. What is your religion? Christian ? Hindu ? Muslim ? 5. How much have you heard about child labour? A lot ? A little bit ? Not Much ? 6. What comes to your mind when ‘child labour’ is mentioned? Children being forced to work ? Children working in terrible environments ? Chi ldren working to earn a living due to poverty ? 7. What do you think creates awareness about child labour most effectively? Internet ?Newspapers ? Television ? 8. Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour? Male ? Female ? Both ? 9. Do you think child labour is serious in this community? No ? Yes ? 10. What do you think is the reason for child labour? Education ? Political Systems ? Poverty ? 11. What kind of industry mostly appears in your village? Agriculture ? Household ? Textile ? 12. Do you think a child below the age of sixteen going to work is right? It’s up to them ?They should not cut down on their childhood ? It’s a horrible concept ? 13. Do you think that enough is being done to reduce child labour? No ? Yes ? 14. Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Schools ? Government ? Business Organizations ? 15. Do you see the problem of child labour being eradicated in the long run? No ? Yes ? Procedures Used to Collect Data To gather data for this assessment the researcher constructed a questionnaire which consisted of fifteen questions.In Cumberland village, there is an average of two hundred (200) households. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure accurate information on the causes, consequences and measures to reduce child labour in the village (10%/200=20). The household was selected by random selection. Twenty (20) questionnaires will be distributed to those homes. It was expected that at least fifteen (15) of these questionnaires will be returned. A total of twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed to the residents of the selected homes, fifteen (15) was returned while the other five (5) wasn’t returned.The questionnaires were delivered on 6th October, 2012 and received on 12th October, 2012. Of these respondents, sixty percent (60%) were females and forty percent (40%) were males. Presentation & Explanation of Data Source: Question 5 – How much have you heard about child labour? Figure 1 – This bar chart represents that 50% of the respondents have heard a lot about child labour, 30% of the respondents have heard a little bit about child labour while the other 20% of the respondents haven’t heard much about child labour. Source: Question 2 – Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour?Figure 2 – This cylinder chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour while the other 30% of the respondents are of the view that females are more affected by child labour. Source: Question 10 – What do you think is the reason for child labour? Figure 3 – This pyramid chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is poverty, 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is education while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour are the political systems.Source: Question 14 – Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Figure 4 – This pie chart represents that 40% of the respondents are of the view that schools can help to reduce child labour, also 40% of the respondents are of the view that governments can help to reduce child labour while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that business organizations can help to reduce child labour. Analysis & Interpretation of Data Twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed randomly to both male and female, ages 16-40.The majority of respondents agreed that child labour is dangerous and harmful. The research reveals that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. Throughout the village, many children work, full-time whether it’s male or female. They do not go to school and have little or no time to play; they are also denied the chance to be children. More than 50% of them are exposed to the worst forms of child labour such as work in hazardous environments, slavery or other forms of forced labour.It was also noted that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the main reason for child labour is poverty, since income from a child’s work is usually crucial for his or her own survival, or for that of the household. Immature and inexperience child labourers may be completely unaware of the short-term risks involved in their work, long-term health problems are common in communities where children are forced to work with dangerous chemicals.Last but not least, 40% of the respondents are of the view that primary school education which is free, accessible and compulsory does more than any other single factor to reduce exploitative child labour. Reducing the costs of education and ensuring that the quality standards are high will be a monumental step towards eradicating the problem of child labour in the long run. Child labour does more than deprive children of th eir education, mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen. Findings The researcher found that: 60% of respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. * 60% of the respondents are of the view that poverty is the greatest cause behind child labour. * 20% of the respondents are of the view that the lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education is another major cause driving children to harmful labour. * 80% of the respondents are of the view that the major consequence of child labour is that children face many physical dangers and death from forced labour. 80% of the respondents are of the view that the government and schools can help to reduce child labour. Recommendations & Implementation Strategies Recommendations * Primary Education – should be compulsory and free. * Education and Training for Women – Studies show when women are educated, trained and empowered, child labour drops. * Social Services – should help children and families survive in crises, such as loss of home and shelter. Give jobs to children’s adult relatives – This way, the family won’t suffer and this should indeed be helpful. * The government should ban the worst forms of child labour such as bonded labour, etc. Implementation Strategies * Assisting with developing and implementing national policies on child labour problems. * Creating awareness on the problem nationwide, in communities and workplaces. * Strengthening existing organizations and motivating a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour. Bibliography Social Studies Sba School Based Assessment Subject: Social Studies School: Willowdene High School Candidate #: Centre: Territory: Teacher: Mrs. Mitchelle Year: 2012 Title: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements (1) Introduction (2) Statement of the problem (3) Research question * What are the causes of teenage pregnancy? (3) * How does the problem impact the lives of the teenagers? 4) * What can be done to correct this problem? (5) Reason for selecting area (6) Method of Investigation (6) Instrument used to collect Data (7-11) Procedures used to collect Data (12) Presentations and Explanation of Data Interpretation of Data Findings Recommendations ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Greater Portmore is a large community in the parish of St. Catherine, which is located in the county of middle sex, Jamaica. One of the sectors of Greater Portmore called Sabina Park is where I interviewed some of the teenage others living in the area. For the past sixteen years I have been a resident of Sabina Park. During my t ime here I have discovered that a number of teenage girls who were suppose to be at a secondary level are not attending school and this disturbs me a lot. I have notice the lack of father figures in most of the teenage mother’s houses in my community, this is so because the fathers refuse to take responsibilities for their children which resulted into single mothering where the child has to grow without his/her father.I have also observed a standard of low living where teenage mothers were not able to go back to school because of the post-natal care of their children and how their pregnancy affected them educationally. This caused them to be unemployed and nondependent. I have therefore decided to perform a survey to examine the cause, effect and solution of teenage pregnancy in Sabina Park, Greater Portmore. Task 1 Statement of the problem How does teenage pregnancy contribute problems to themselves and there babies?Research questions 1. What are the causes of teenage pregn ancy? (cause) Obviously the cause for pregnancy is no use or the misuse of protection. Children under the age of 18 should abstain. So why do teenagers have sex? Why don’t they use protection? Most pregnant teenagers were pressured into having sex. They were so young and naive they thought, and even believed, that they loved so much that they couldn’t say no to the male and would do anything to please him. Boys would tell the girls what they wanted to hear. They would use flattery and vain promises to lure her.If a guy is handsome, looks neat, have a lot of cash and even say the words, â€Å"I love you† on the first date, would drive some girls crazy turning a million â€Å"no’s† into one yes! Most times this would disillusion them from seeing that they were being used. When the males are forcing a girl to do something they do not do it aggressively, they take the time to study her, find out her weakness, and aim. In a number of cases, they did not intend to get the girl pregnant. They just wanted to urgently get what they came for in the relationship. Hence, the non –use or misuse of protection.Some girls are otherwise forced into early sexual activities, resulting in teenage pregnancies, either by choice or by â€Å"design†. Some, due to inadequacy of basic financing, either choose to or are forced by parents to do so. 2. How does the problem impact the lives of the teenagers? (effect) Due to the fact that teenage pregnancy occurred at the Secondary Education stage of life, their lives are affected in numerous ways. Teenage mothers are more likely to become depressed than adult mothers because they have to be worrying about financial needs, limitations, commitments, overall the period of post-natal care.Teen pregnancy can result in a young girl’s education being put on hold indefinitely. Teenage mothers often drop out of school before they had an opportunity to develop meaningful life skills, a higher l evel of education and achieving goals. Teenage pregnancy creates a financial burden for the teenagers because they are too young to obtain a job making an adequate salary to support a family especially because they aren’t experienced and they are under educated. However, because of this they do depend on their parents for financial support.Teenagers do not want to be taking care of a family at such an early age; they do not want to be lack of restrictions they don’t want any responsibilities because they love their freedoms. Most teenage got to go out and enjoy their selves on the weekends; they can’t just sit around and take care of a child when they want to go to parties, movies and even school. They aren’t yet ready to be in a committed long-relationship; therefore they are more single teenage parents in the society. This now leaves one party with the obligation of raising the child on their own.However, as I said before, the parents will be maintainin g their child and grandchild financially. Taking care of a child is a lot of responsibility for one human being, causing less freedom. Teenage mothers often experience social exclusion; they are not able to carry out their usual daily activities, as well as the relationship between both their parents and peers being more distant. Since they are now mothers they have to be spending a lot of time with their babies so they aren’t able to go out with friends but only to do shopping for their child.However, some of the teenagers even though they are mothers still do their normal activities because they are not yet matured or responsible to take care of their child so they would leave them on guardians or friends. 3. What can be done to correct this problem? (Solutions) This issue of teenage pregnancy has been around for a very long time, but is not an acceptable occurrence in most, if not all societies. Because of that, several studies have been done and attempts made to correct, or at least to significantly reduce the problem.Most teenagers are led to sexual activities because of various reasons such as lack of communication with parents, not enough sex education in schools, peer pressure and a lack of responsibility to use protection. An Interaction with a parent plays a big part in a child’s life growing up. Each Parent should have a bond between them and their child where they can have a discussion about the preparation for the outside world including sexual relations. Sex education should also be taught in the homes as much as the other subjects in school.This will make the child more comfortable to know that they can talk to their parents, they are being listened to while being taught at the same time and understanding more about sex education. Teenage pregnancy can be prevented by more availability of sexual education among students in institutions in our society; therefore giving the children more information about the risk of getting pregnant at an early age so that they would at least take it into consideration. Not every child is aware of sex education so most likely it will change someone lives, one more child will have the opportunity to enter the world of work and even if it is one erson who gets the message it will make a difference in their lives and our society. Teenagers are most likely to be pressured by their peers because they are afraid that if they don’t go along with the most popular actions they wouldn’t be classified as a norm. If teenagers would have a mind of their own, stop following bad company and have a higher self esteem they will not be in a situation where they have to be taking care of a child at an early age. Teens should be thinking more wisely as they mature day by day; therefore they would be conscious of where they are heading and block out obstacles in there way like teenage pregnancy.Lack of Protection is the cause of pregnancy but for teenage pregnancy it should not be so . Teenagers should not be having sex so early because their body isn’t fully matured and so they are not ready physically or mentally. The age of consent, strangely is now sixteen (16) so teenagers sixteen and over should become more responsible to use protection because they are now matured enough to know the dangers of life. However, I still do consider that the best way to prevent teenage pregnancy is to abstain because it makes sense. It will make the future better. Task 2Reason for selecting area of research This area of research was selected because of seeing people all around who have been through this situation. It is very disturbing to see women suffering and struggling mentally, physically and educationally because of teenage pregnancy. This is also a recommendation to resolve the problem of teenage pregnancy, making a difference in the society. Task 3 Method of investigation I used an interview to collect the data for my research The method used for investigation h as a number of advantages: * It goes into further details than the questionnaire making the interviewer nderstand their research much better. * It is also useful to obtain detailed information about personal feelings, perceptions and opinions. * Respondents could be lack of reading skills so an interview would be more valuable than a questionnaire. Task 4 Instrument used to collect data Teenage pregnancy Interview Age you got pregnant: 13-15 16-19 Are you a single parent? Were you forced in to having sex, resulting in pregnancy? What was your reaction when you found out you were pregnant? Did you grow up in an environment/home where teenage pregnancy occurred before?If so, how did you relate to it? Were you and your partner thinking about having a family after finding out your pregnancy? Why Did you think of having an abortion? Why Were you afraid of how people would react to your pregnancy? Were you familiar with sex education? Was your baby healthy after birth? Did you contract an y STD’s? If yes, did it affect your child in any way? Did it affect you knowing that you had to be taking care of a child at an early age? What were your parents/guardians reaction when they found out you were pregnant? Did you get any support with the baby from your family?What was your partner’s reaction when he found out that you were pregnant? Were your parents/guardians aware that you were seeing your partner? Did he take any form of responsibility for his child after birth? What were your decisions to proceed in life after your pregnancy? Did you drop out of school as a result of your pregnancy? Have you been able to continue any educational studies? If yes, how long after your pregnancy What main factor do you think would have helped you to avoid getting pregnant so young? Task 5 Procedures used to collect DataSabina Park has approximately 130 houses. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure correct termination of teenage pregnancy . (10% of 130=13) A total of 15 interviews were prepared for selected teenage mothers in the community. Therefore, I went around the neighborhood in searching of citizens who were available. There were a number of mothers who were not in attendance which resulted in the sum of 10 persons included in the discussion. Task 6 Presentation and examination of Data A total of 10 teenage mothers were interviewed succesfully.Of theses respondents, all were females in which 90% got pregnant at the age 16 and 10% got pregnant at age 19. Fig. 1: Pie chart showing the current status of selected teenage mothers Most of the residents (80%) are single mothers because their partners denied to accept the child as their own, refused to take responsibility and also refused to be a part of the child’s family. 20% of teenage mothers are not single because one of the fathers were at a matured age and decided to be a part of their child’s life and the other mother is now married.Fig 2: Pie-ch art showing the period of time it took the mothers to return to school to further their education. According to the chart, 30% of women went back school couple months after their pregnancy. Most of the citizens (40%) took 1 year to go back to school in which 10% of the 40% went back to secondary level and the rest (30%) went on to a territory level. 10% went back to school very late(over 10 years) because of financial problems at the time. However, 20% did not return to further their education because they could not afford financially which led to unemployment. Fig 3.Bar showing the main factors teenage mothers thought would have avoided their pregnancy The factor that got the most percentage was more interaction with parents. 50% of teenage mothers did not have a good relationship with their parents causing them to search for love and neediness somewhere else; they got involved in sexual activities which led to pregnancy. The factor that got the least percentage (10%) was better re sponsibility to have used protection. This was selected because the mother was matured enough to have sex, was not pressured so she should have been more responsible. 0% of mothers would have avoided teenage pregnancy if it was not for peer pressure. Fig 4. Showing if the mothers believed in abortion In figure 4 50% of mothers do not believe in abortion because they could not live with their self with the fact that they killed something which was growing inside of them. Also 50% do believe in abortion because they had financial problems, because of the reaction of their parents they felt ashamed and also they thought that having the baby would have been a very risky thing to do. However, they kept the child. Task 7 Analysis and interpretation of data Task 9 Social Studies Sba Acknowledgement The researcher wishes to express her gratitude towards her social studies teacher who was abundantly helpful. The researcher would also like to thank her parents for their kind co-operation and for supporting her financially throughout this assessment. Lastly, the researcher would like to thank the almighty god, without whom nothing is possible. Introduction This assessment is based on child labour.Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice is considered exploitative by many and legislations across the world prohibit child labour. Statement of Problem What are the effects of child labour in Cumberland village, East Canje Berbice? Reasons for Selecting Area of ResearchThe reasons for selecting this area of research is because the prevalence of child labour among s chools in the researcher’s village is high; the researcher would also like to study the factors related to child labour, like the reasons for children working, problems faced by the children, work place conditions, etc. Method of Investigation The method of investigation used for this project was in the form of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used because of the following reasons: * It is cheaper It does not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys * It has standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. Instrument Used to Collect Data Questionnaire 135 New Street Cumberland East Canje, Berbice. 21st September, 2012. Dear Sir/Madam, The researcher is a fifth form student of New Amsterdam Secondary School. The researcher is pursuing a course of subject in the Caribbean Examination Council (CXC), Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate (CSEC) in Social Studies, which the researcher would be writing in 2013.The researcher is re quired to conduct a research on a school based assessment (SBA) based on the topic child labour. The researcher is hereby seeking your assistance. To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate box. Thank you for your co-operation. Yours Truly, Fifth Form Student of N. A. S. S Nafesia Hack. Caribbean Examination Council Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate School Based Assessment Social Studies 2013 Topic: Child Labour Instruction: To complete this questionnaire you are required to put a tick ? in the appropriate boxes. 1. What is your sex? Male ? Female ? 2.What is your age? 16-20 ? 21-30 ? 31-40 ? 3. What is your ethnicity? African ? East Indian ? Mixed ? 4. What is your religion? Christian ? Hindu ? Muslim ? 5. How much have you heard about child labour? A lot ? A little bit ? Not Much ? 6. What comes to your mind when ‘child labour’ is mentioned? Children being forced to work ? Children working in terrible environments ? Chi ldren working to earn a living due to poverty ? 7. What do you think creates awareness about child labour most effectively? Internet ?Newspapers ? Television ? 8. Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour? Male ? Female ? Both ? 9. Do you think child labour is serious in this community? No ? Yes ? 10. What do you think is the reason for child labour? Education ? Political Systems ? Poverty ? 11. What kind of industry mostly appears in your village? Agriculture ? Household ? Textile ? 12. Do you think a child below the age of sixteen going to work is right? It’s up to them ?They should not cut down on their childhood ? It’s a horrible concept ? 13. Do you think that enough is being done to reduce child labour? No ? Yes ? 14. Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Schools ? Government ? Business Organizations ? 15. Do you see the problem of child labour being eradicated in the long run? No ? Yes ? Procedures Used to Collect Data To gather data for this assessment the researcher constructed a questionnaire which consisted of fifteen questions.In Cumberland village, there is an average of two hundred (200) households. It was calculated that a sample of 10% was necessary in order to ensure accurate information on the causes, consequences and measures to reduce child labour in the village (10%/200=20). The household was selected by random selection. Twenty (20) questionnaires will be distributed to those homes. It was expected that at least fifteen (15) of these questionnaires will be returned. A total of twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed to the residents of the selected homes, fifteen (15) was returned while the other five (5) wasn’t returned.The questionnaires were delivered on 6th October, 2012 and received on 12th October, 2012. Of these respondents, sixty percent (60%) were females and forty percent (40%) were males. Presentation & Explanation of Data Source: Question 5 – How much have you heard about child labour? Figure 1 – This bar chart represents that 50% of the respondents have heard a lot about child labour, 30% of the respondents have heard a little bit about child labour while the other 20% of the respondents haven’t heard much about child labour. Source: Question 2 – Which gender do you think is more affected by child labour?Figure 2 – This cylinder chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour while the other 30% of the respondents are of the view that females are more affected by child labour. Source: Question 10 – What do you think is the reason for child labour? Figure 3 – This pyramid chart represents that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is poverty, 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour is education while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that the reason for child labour are the political systems.Source: Question 14 – Who do you think can help to reduce child labour? Figure 4 – This pie chart represents that 40% of the respondents are of the view that schools can help to reduce child labour, also 40% of the respondents are of the view that governments can help to reduce child labour while the other 20% of the respondents are of the view that business organizations can help to reduce child labour. Analysis & Interpretation of Data Twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed randomly to both male and female, ages 16-40.The majority of respondents agreed that child labour is dangerous and harmful. The research reveals that 60% of the respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. Throughout the village, many children work, full-time whether it’s male or female. They do not go to school and have little or no time to play; they are also denied the chance to be children. More than 50% of them are exposed to the worst forms of child labour such as work in hazardous environments, slavery or other forms of forced labour.It was also noted that 60% of the respondents are of the view that the main reason for child labour is poverty, since income from a child’s work is usually crucial for his or her own survival, or for that of the household. Immature and inexperience child labourers may be completely unaware of the short-term risks involved in their work, long-term health problems are common in communities where children are forced to work with dangerous chemicals.Last but not least, 40% of the respondents are of the view that primary school education which is free, accessible and compulsory does more than any other single factor to reduce exploitative child labour. Reducing the costs of education and ensuring that the quality standards are high will be a monumental step towards eradicating the problem of child labour in the long run. Child labour does more than deprive children of th eir education, mental and physical development – their childhood is stolen. Findings The researcher found that: 60% of respondents are of the view that males are more affected by child labour. * 60% of the respondents are of the view that poverty is the greatest cause behind child labour. * 20% of the respondents are of the view that the lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality education is another major cause driving children to harmful labour. * 80% of the respondents are of the view that the major consequence of child labour is that children face many physical dangers and death from forced labour. 80% of the respondents are of the view that the government and schools can help to reduce child labour. Recommendations & Implementation Strategies Recommendations * Primary Education – should be compulsory and free. * Education and Training for Women – Studies show when women are educated, trained and empowered, child labour drops. * Social Services – should help children and families survive in crises, such as loss of home and shelter. Give jobs to children’s adult relatives – This way, the family won’t suffer and this should indeed be helpful. * The government should ban the worst forms of child labour such as bonded labour, etc. Implementation Strategies * Assisting with developing and implementing national policies on child labour problems. * Creating awareness on the problem nationwide, in communities and workplaces. * Strengthening existing organizations and motivating a broad alliance of partners to acknowledge and act against child labour. Bibliography